![]() ![]() The combination of these strengths positions Power HyD S as the all-around detector for general confocal applications across a broad spectral range.įigure 2 | Technical overview of the Power HyD family. In addition, Power HyD S efficiently operates in photon-counting or in analog mode, thereby providing the highest dynamic range in the Power HyD family. An efficient three-stage cooling scheme suppresses dark noise, while an optimized optomechanical design ensures maximal photon collection in the MPPC architecture. Harnessing recent advances in MPPC technology and a unique engineering concept, this detector achieves an image quality comparable to that of Power HyD X and R (Fig. Here, the fluorescence photons are spread onto a detection area comprising an array of independent detector subunits, each consisting of a silicon avalanche photodiode, which are all wired in parallel and read out over a common anode. The Power HyD S is based on silicon multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) technology 11 (Fig. The readout for these detectors is fully digital and photon counting based 10. This architecture not only enables single-photon sensitivity but also ensures optimal electronic amplification of the detected photon signals. 2a) whereby a photocathode front plate (gallium arsenide phosphide for HyD X and extended-red gallium arsenide phosphide for HyD R) is coupled to an avalanche diode. The Power HyD X and Power HyD R are based on hybrid detector technology 10 (Fig. The Power HyD family is built on two main architectures. Emission spectra of the fluorophores used, and five-color image of cellular structures with detector types, fluorophores and targets indicated. Mammalian cells stained for five key cellular components. The resulting images show the five labeled structures with excellent quality, with bright signal and low background in all channels.įigure 1 | The Power HyD detector family enables flexible multicolor imaging across the visible to near infrared range. 1, bottom) and performed confocal imaging with a combination of all members of the Power HyD family. We used them to target five key components of a mammalian cell: the plasma membrane, DNA, mitochondria, microtubules and actin (Fig. As an example, we selected five different fluorophores with emission maxima from the blue to the NIR (Fig. These detectors, combined with a light path optimized for the extended spectral range and laser excitation lines from 355 nm to 790 nm, seek to maximize the flexibility of a confocal system for multicolor imaging applications. The implementation of the Power HyD family enables sensitive detection of fluorescence from 410 nm to 850 nm, covering the entire visible spectrum and extending the detection capabilities into the near infrared (NIR). The Power HyD detector family comprises three types of detectors-Power HyD S, Power HyD X and Power HyD R-featuring a combination of strengths that fulfill these demands. We have developed a new family of detectors to get the most out of confocal technology. Modern detectors must ensure maximum sensitivity across a broad spectral range and be capable of detecting low photon numbers. ![]() Laser scanning confocal microscopy is a widely accepted imaging technique when it comes to matching these requirements, and the choice of suitable detectors is crucial for realizing the full potential of this approach 9. Indeed, it would be desirable that any microscope could cope well with all current and future probes, delivering high-resolution spatial and dynamic information. The plethora of fluorophores available today provides a wealth of opportunities for researchers but also poses a technological challenge. The development of increasingly sophisticated labeling strategies 5, 6 and the continuing emergence of new genetically encoded fluorescent probes 7, 8 enable the study of almost all known cellular processes even at low expression levels. The study of molecular function typically requires innovative approaches to probing the interactions among partners in the cellular context 1 with unprecedented detail 2 and in closer-to-physiological conditions 3, 4. The ability to observe cellular structures and probe biomolecular functions with fluorescence microscopy is one of the most powerful experimental assets in the life sciences.
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